We often think of drawing as something that takes inborntalent, but this kind of thinking stems from our misclassifi-cation of drawing as, primarily, an art form rather than atool for learning.Researchers, teachers, and artists are starting to see howdrawing can positively impact a wide variety of skills anddisciplines.

Most of us have spent some time drawing before, but atsome point, most of us stop drawing. There are people whodon't, obviously, and thank god for that: a world withoutdesigners and artists would be a very shabby one indeed.

Some argue that so many adults have abandoned drawingbecause we've miscategorized it and given it a very narrowdefinition.In his book, Stick Figures: Drawing as a HumanPractice, Professor D.B. Dowd argues that "We have mis-filed the significance of drawing because we see it as a pro-fessional skill instead of a personal capacity. We mistakenlythink of "good" drawings as those which work as recre-ations of the real world, as realistic illusions.Rather, draw-ing should be recategorized as a symbolic tool.

Human beings have been drawing for 73,000 years. It's partof what it means to be human.We

don't have the strength of chimpanzees(大猩猩) becausewe've given up animal strength to

manipulate subtle instruments, like hammers, spears,and- later-pens and pencils. The human hand is an ex-tremely dense network of nerve endings. In many ways,human beings are built to draw.

Some researchers argue that doodling(涂画)activates thebrain's so-called default circuit—

essentially, the areas of the brain responsible for maintain-ing a baseline level of activity in the absence of other stim-uli.Because of this, some believe that doodling during aboring lecture can help students pay attention.In onestudy, participants were asked to listen to a list of nameswhile either doodling or sitting still. Those who remem-bered 20 percent more of the names than those who didnot.

There's also evidence that drawing talent is based on howaccurately someone perceives the world.The human visualsystem tends to misjudge size, shape, color, and angles butartists perceive these qualities more accurately than

non-artists. Cultivating drawing talent can become an es-sential tool to improve people's observational skills in fieldswhere the visual is important.

Rather than think of drawing as a talent that some creativepeople are gifted in, we should consider it as a tool forseeing and understanding the world better-one that just sohappens to double as an art from.Both absent-mindeddoodling and copying from life have been shown to posi-tively affect your memory and visual perception ,so com-plain loudly the next time your school board slashes the artdepartment's budget.

46.What do people generally think about drawing? 

A) lt is agift creative people are endowed with.

B) lt is a skill that isacquired with practice

C) lt is an art form that is appreciated by all.

D) lt is an ability everyone should cultivate.

47.What do we learn about designers and artists?

A)They are declining gradually in number

B)They are keen on changing shabby surroundings.

C)They add beauty and charm to the world.

D) They spend most of their lives drawing.

48.What does Professor D.B.Dowd argue in his book? 

A)Ev-erybody is born with the capacity to draw.

B) Drawing is a skill that requires special training

C) The value of drawing tends to be overestimated

D) Drawing should be redefined as a realistic illusion.

49.What have some researchers found from one studyabout doodling? 

A) lt is a must for maintaining a base levelof brain activity.

B) lt can turn something boring into something interesting

C) lt is the most reliable stimulant to activate l the brain.

D) lt helps improve concentration and memory.

50.What is characteristic of people withdrawing talent? 

A)Sensitivity to cognitive stimulation.

B) Subtlety of representation.

C)Accuracy in categorization.

D) Precision in visual perception.