Management information systems form a bedrock ofIT use in the public sector.They are therefore found in all sections ofthe public sector and in all countries..Of course，different people use the term"management information system"differently:The term should therefore not form the basis for arguments about__( )__an MIS is and is not.So long as one and those with whom one works understand and agree on a definition，that is good enough.Similarly，when dealing with written material，one needs to be able to__( )__and communicate，not get locked into doctrinal debate，Many public service providers have developed management information systems to morutor and control the services that they provide.Both the US__( )__UK Social Security agencies have developed MIS to report on the welfare payments and services that they provide.The British public healthcare system has also been a major investor in MIS as it 1ries to control healthcare costs and simultaneously improve delivery standards.Individual schools can also__( )__use ofMIS.Hobmoor Junior and Infant School，a public school in Birmingham，UK，introduced a computerised attendance system to produce MIS reports that monitor pupil attendance.This improved the Principal’s ability to understand and control absence patterns，resulting in a 2.5 per cent__(请作答此空)__in attendance rates.